php/install.txt

Installing PHP
     __________________________________________________________________

   Table of Contents
   Preface
   1. General Installation Considerations
   2. Installation on Windows systems

        Manual Installation Steps
        ActiveScript
        Microsoft IIS
        Apache 1.3.x on Microsoft Windows
        Apache 2.0.x on Microsoft Windows
        Sun, iPlanet and Netscape servers on Microsoft Windows
        OmniHTTPd Server
        Sambar Server on Microsoft Windows
        Xitami on Microsoft Windows
        Installation of extensions on Windows

   3. Installation of PECL extensions

        Introduction to PECL Installations
        Downloading PECL extensions
        PECL for Windows users
        Compiling shared PECL extensions with the pecl command
        Compiling shared PECL extensions with phpize
        Compiling PECL extensions statically into PHP

   4. Problems?

        Read the FAQ
        Other problems
        Bug reports

   5. Runtime Configuration

        The configuration file
        How to change configuration settings

   6. Installation FAQ
     __________________________________________________________________

Preface

   These installation instructions were generated from the HTML version of
   the PHP Manual so formatting and linking have been altered. See the
   online and updated version at: http://php.net/install.windows
     __________________________________________________________________

Chapter 1. General Installation Considerations

   Before starting the installation, first you need to know what do you
   want to use PHP for. There are three main fields you can use PHP, as
   described in the What can PHP do? section:

     * Websites and web applications (server-side scripting)
     * Command line scripting
     * Desktop (GUI) applications

   For the first and most common form, you need three things: PHP itself,
   a web server and a web browser. You probably already have a web
   browser, and depending on your operating system setup, you may also
   have a web server (e.g. Apache on Linux and MacOS X; IIS on Windows).
   You may also rent webspace at a company. This way, you don't need to
   set up anything on your own, only write your PHP scripts, upload it to
   the server you rent, and see the results in your browser.

   In case of setting up the server and PHP on your own, you have two
   choices for the method of connecting PHP to the server. For many
   servers PHP has a direct module interface (also called SAPI). These
   servers include Apache, Microsoft Internet Information Server, Netscape
   and iPlanet servers. Many other servers have support for ISAPI, the
   Microsoft module interface (OmniHTTPd for example). If PHP has no
   module support for your web server, you can always use it as a CGI or
   FastCGI processor. This means you set up your server to use the CGI
   executable of PHP to process all PHP file requests on the server.

   If you are also interested to use PHP for command line scripting (e.g.
   write scripts autogenerating some images for you offline, or processing
   text files depending on some arguments you pass to them), you always
   need the command line executable. For more information, read the
   section about writing command line PHP applications. In this case, you
   need no server and no browser.

   With PHP you can also write desktop GUI applications using the PHP-GTK
   extension. This is a completely different approach than writing web
   pages, as you do not output any HTML, but manage Windows and objects
   within them. For more information about PHP-GTK, please visit the site
   dedicated to this extension. PHP-GTK is not included in the official
   PHP distribution.

   From now on, this section deals with setting up PHP for web servers on
   Unix and Windows with server module interfaces and CGI executables. You
   will also find information on the command line executable in the
   following sections.

   PHP source code and binary distributions for Windows can be found at
   http://www.php.net/downloads.php. We recommend you to choose a mirror
   nearest to you for downloading the distributions.
     __________________________________________________________________

Chapter 2. Installation on Windows systems

   This section applies to Windows 98/Me and Windows NT/2000/XP/2003. PHP
   will not work on 16 bit platforms such as Windows 3.1 and sometimes we
   refer to the supported Windows platforms as Win32. Windows 95 is no
   longer supported as of PHP 4.3.0.

   If you have Microsoft Visual Studio, you can also build PHP from the
   original source code.

   Once you have PHP installed on your Windows system, you may also want
   to load various extensions for added functionality.

   Warning

   There are several all-in-one installers over the Internet, but none of
   those are endorsed by PHP.net, as we believe that the manual
   installation is the best choice to have your system secure and
   optimised.
     __________________________________________________________________

Manual Installation Steps

   This install guide will help you manually install and configure PHP
   with a web server on Microsoft Windows. To get started you'll need to
   download the zip binary distribution from the downloads page at
   http://www.php.net/downloads.php.

   Although there are many all-in-one installation kits, we recommend you
   take the time to setup PHP yourself as this will provide you with a
   better understanding of the system, and enables you to install PHP
   extensions easily when needed.

     Upgrading from a previous PHP version: Previous editions of the
     manual suggest moving various ini and DLL files into your SYSTEM
     (i.e. C:\WINDOWS) folder and while this simplifies the installation
     procedure it makes upgrading difficult. We advise you remove all of
     these files (like php.ini and PHP related DLLs from the Windows
     SYSTEM folder) before moving on with a new PHP installation. Be sure
     to backup these files as you might break the entire system. The old
     php.ini might be useful in setting up the new PHP as well. And as
     you'll soon learn, the preferred method for installing PHP is to
     keep all PHP related files in one directory and have this directory
     available to your systems PATH.

     MDAC requirements: If you use Microsoft Windows 98/NT4 download the
     latest version of the Microsoft Data Access Components (MDAC) for
     your platform. MDAC is available at http://msdn.microsoft.com/data/.
     This requirement exists because ODBC is built into the distributed
     Windows binaries.

   The following steps should be completed on all installations before any
   server specific instructions are performed:

   Extract the distribution file into a directory of your choice. If you
   are installing PHP 4, extract to C:\, as the zip file expands to a
   foldername like php-4.3.7-Win32. If you are installing PHP 5, extract
   to C:\php as the zip file doesn't expand as in PHP 4. You may choose a
   different location but do not have spaces in the path (like C:\Program
   Files\PHP) as some web servers will crash if you do.

   The directory structure extracted from the zip is different for PHP
   versions 4 and 5 and look like as follows:

   Example 2-2. PHP 5 package structure
c:\php
   |
   +--dev
   |  |
   |  |-php5ts.lib
   |
   +--ext                 -- extension DLLs for PHP
   |  |
   |  |-php_bz2.dll
   |  |
   |  |-php_cpdf.dll
   |  |
   |  |-..
   |
   +--extras
   |  |
   |  +--mibs             -- support files for SNMP
   |  |
   |  +--openssl          -- support files for Openssl
   |  |
   |  +--pdf-related      -- support files for PDF
   |  |
   |  |-mime.magic
   |
   +--pear                -- initial copy of PEAR
   |
   |
   |-go-pear.bat          -- PEAR setup script
   |
   |-fdftk.dll
   |
   |-..
   |
   |-php-cgi.exe          -- CGI executable
   |
   |-php-win.exe          -- executes scripts without an opened command prompt
   |
   |-php.exe              -- CLI executable - ONLY for command line scripting
   |
   |-..
   |
   |-php.ini-development  -- development php.ini settings
   |
   |-php.ini-production   -- recommended php.ini settings for production
   |
   |-php5activescript.dll
   |
   |-php5apache2_4.dll
   |
   |-..
   |
   |-php5ts.dll           -- core PHP DLL
   |
   |-...

   Notice the differences and similarities. Both PHP 4 and PHP 5 have a
   CGI executable, a CLI executable, and server modules, but they are
   located in different folders and/or have different names. While PHP 4
   packages have the server modules in the sapi folder, PHP 5
   distributions have no such directory and instead they're in the PHP
   folder root. The supporting DLLs for the PHP 5 extensions are also not
   in a separate directory.

     Note: In PHP 4, you should move all files located in the dll and
     sapi folders to the main folder (e.g. C:\php).

   Here is a list of server modules shipped with PHP 5:

     * php5apache2_4.dll - Apache 2.4.x module.

   Server modules provide significantly better performance and additional
   functionality compared to the CGI binary. The FastCGI is significantly
   more stable and can be faster than the ISAPI module with IIS.
   The CLI version is designed to let you use PHP for command line 
   scripting. More information about CLI is available in the chapter 
   about using PHP from the command line.

   Warning

   The SAPI modules have been significantly improved as of the 4.1
   release, however, in older systems you may encounter server errors or
   other server modules failing, such as ASP.

   The CGI and CLI binaries, and the web server modules all require the
   php5ts.dll file to be available to them. You have to make
   sure that this file can be found by your PHP installation. The search
   order for this DLL is as follows:

     * The same directory from where php.exe is called, or in case you use
       a SAPI module, the web server's directory (e.g. C:\Program
       Files\Apache Group\Apache2\bin).
     * Any directory in your Windows PATH environment variable.

   To make php5ts.dll available you have three options: copy
   the file to the Windows system directory, copy the file to the web
   server's directory, or add your PHP directory, C:\php to the PATH. For
   better maintenance, we advise you to follow the last option, add C:\php
   to the PATH, because it will be simpler to upgrade PHP in the future.
   Read more about how to add your PHP directory to PATH in the
   corresponding FAQ entry (and then don't forget to restart the computer
   - logoff isn't enough).

   The next step is to set up a valid configuration file for PHP, php.ini.
   There are two ini files distributed in the zip file, php.ini-development
   and php.ini-production. We advise you to use php.ini-production, 
   because we optimized the default settings in this file for performance, 
   and security. Read this well documented file carefully because it has
   changes from php.ini-production that will drastically affect your setup.
   Some examples are display_errors being off and magic_quotes_gpc being off.
   In addition to reading these, study the ini settings and set every
   element manually yourself. If you would like to achieve the best
   security, then this is the way for you, although PHP works fine with
   these default ini files. Copy your chosen ini-file to a directory that
   PHP is able to find and rename it to php.ini. PHP searches for php.ini
   in the locations described in the Section called The configuration file
   in Chapter 5 section.

   If you are running Apache 2, the simpler option is to use the PHPIniDir
   directive (read the installation on Apache 2 page), otherwise your best
   option is to set the PHPRC environment variable. This process is
   explained in the following FAQ entry.

     Note: If you're using NTFS on Windows NT, 2000, XP or 2003, make
     sure that the user running the web server has read permissions to
     your php.ini (e.g. make it readable by Everyone).

   The following steps are optional:

     * Edit your new php.ini file. If you plan to use OmniHTTPd, do not
       follow the next step. Set the doc_root to point to your web servers
       document_root. For example:

doc_root = c:\inetpub\wwwroot // for IIS

doc_root = c:\apache\htdocs // for Apache

     * Choose the extensions you would like to load when PHP starts. See
       the section about Windows extensions, about how to set up one, and
       what is already built in. Note that on a new installation it is
       advisable to first get PHP working and tested without any
       extensions before enabling them in php.ini.

   PHP is now setup on your system. The next step is to choose a web
   server, and enable it to run PHP. Choose a web server from the table of
   contents.
     __________________________________________________________________

ActiveScript

   This section contains notes specific to the ActiveScript installation.

   ActiveScript is a Windows only SAPI that enables you to use PHP script
   in any ActiveScript compliant host, like Windows Script Host,
   ASP/ASP.NET, Windows Script Components or Microsoft Scriptlet control.

   As of PHP 5.0.1, ActiveScript has been moved to the PECL repository.
   The DLL for this PECL extension may be downloaded from either the PHP
   Downloads page or from http://pecl4win.php.net/

     Note: You should read the manual installation steps first!

   After installing PHP, you should download the ActiveScript DLL
   (php5activescript.dll) and place it in the main PHP folder (e.g.
   C:\php).

   After having all the files needed, you must register the DLL on your
   system. To achieve this, open a Command Prompt window (located in the
   Start Menu). Then go to your PHP directory by typing something like cd
   C:\php. To register the DLL just type regsvr32 php5activescript.dll.

   To test if ActiveScript is working, create a new file, named test.wsf
   (the extension is very important) and type:
<job id="test">

 <script language="PHPScript">
  $WScript->Echo("Hello World!");
 </script>

</job>

   Save and double-click on the file. If you receive a little window
   saying "Hello World!" you're done.

     Note: In PHP 4, the engine was named 'ActivePHP', so if you are
     using PHP 4, you should replace 'PHPScript' with 'ActivePHP' in the
     above example.

     Note: ActiveScript doesn't use the default php.ini file. Instead, it
     will look only in the same directory as the .exe that caused it to
     load. You should create php-activescript.ini and place it in that
     folder, if you wish to load extensions, etc.
     __________________________________________________________________

Microsoft IIS

   This section contains notes and hints specific to IIS (Microsoft
   Internet Information Server).

   Warning

   By using the CGI setup, your server is open to several possible
   attacks. Please read our CGI security section to learn how to defend
   yourself from those attacks.
     __________________________________________________________________

General considerations for all installations of PHP with IIS

     * First, read the Manual Installation Instructions. Do not skip this
       step as it provides crucial information for installing PHP on
       Windows.
     * CGI users must set the cgi.force_redirect PHP directive to 0 inside
       php.ini. Read the faq on cgi.force_redirect for important details.
       Also, CGI users may want to set the cgi.redirect_status_env
       directive. When using directives, be sure these directives aren't
       commented out inside php.ini.
     * The PHP 4 CGI is named php.exe while in PHP 5 it's php-cgi.exe. In
       PHP 5, php.exe is the CLI, and not the CGI.
     * Modify the Windows PATH environment variable to include the PHP
       directory. This way the PHP DLL files and PHP executables can all
       remain in the PHP directory without cluttering up the Windows
       system directory. For more details, see the FAQ on Setting the
       PATH.
     * The IIS user (usually IUSR_MACHINENAME) needs permission to read
       various files and directories, such as php.ini, docroot, and the
       session tmp directory.
     * Be sure the extension_dir and doc_root PHP directives are
       appropriately set in php.ini. These directives depend on the system
       that PHP is being installed on. In PHP 4, the extension_dir is
       extensions while with PHP 5 it's ext. So, an example PHP 5
       extensions_dir value is "c:\php\ext" and an example IIS doc_root
       value is "c:\Inetpub\wwwroot".
     * PHP extension DLL files, such as php_mysql.dll and php_curl.dll,
       are found in the zip package of the PHP download. In PHP 5, many
       extensions are part of PECL and can be downloaded in the
       "Collection of PECL modules" package. Files such as php_zip.dll and
       php_ssh2.dll. Download PHP files here.
     * When defining the executable, the 'check that file exists' box may
       also be checked. For a small performance penalty, the IIS
       will check that the script file exists and sort out authentication
       before firing up PHP. This means that the web server will provide
       sensible 404 style error messages instead of CGI errors complaining
       that PHP did not output any data.
     __________________________________________________________________

Windows NT/200x/XP and IIS 4 or newer

   PHP may be installed as a CGI binary, or with the ISAPI module. In
   either case, you need to start the Microsoft Management Console (may
   appear as 'Internet Services Manager', either in your Windows NT 4.0
   Option Pack branch or the Control Panel=>Administrative Tools under
   Windows 2000/XP). Then right click on your Web server node (this will
   most probably appear as 'Default Web Server'), and select 'Properties'.

   If you want to use the CGI binary, do the following:

     * Under 'Home Directory', 'Virtual Directory', or 'Directory', do the
       following:
     * Change the Execute Permissions to 'Scripts only'
     * Click on the 'Configuration' button, and choose the Application
       Mappings tab. Click Add and set the Executable path to the
       appropriate CGI file. An example PHP 5 value is: C:\php\php-cgi.exe
       Supply .php as the extension. Leave 'Method exclusions' blank, and
       check the 'Script engine' checkbox. Now, click OK a few times.
     * Set up the appropriate security. (This is done in Internet Service
       Manager), and if your NT Server uses NTFS file system, add execute
       rights for I_USR_ to the directory that contains php.exe /
       php-cgi.exe.

   To use the ISAPI module, do the following:

     * If you don't want to perform HTTP Authentication using PHP, you can
       (and should) skip this step. Under ISAPI Filters, add a new ISAPI
       filter. Use PHP as the filter name, and supply a path to the
       php5isapi.dll.
     * Under 'Home Directory', 'Virtual Directory', or 'Directory', do the
       following:
     * Change the Execute Permissions to 'Scripts only'
     * Click on the 'Configuration' button, and choose the Application
       Mappings tab. Click Add and set the Executable path to the
       appropriate ISAPI DLL. An example PHP 5 value is:
       C:\php\php5isapi.dll Supply .php as the extension. Leave 'Method
       exclusions' blank, and check the 'Script engine' checkbox. Now,
       click OK a few times.
     * Stop IIS completely (NET STOP iisadmin)
     * Start IIS again (NET START w3svc)

   With IIS 6 (2003 Server), open up the IIS Manager, go to Web Service
   Extensions, choose "Add a new Web service extension", enter in a name
   such as PHP, choose the Add button and for the value browse to either
   the ISAPI file (php5isapi.dll) or CGI (php.exe or
   php-cgi.exe) then check "Set extension status to Allowed" and click OK.

   In order to use index.php as a default content page, do the following:
   From within the Documents tab, choose Add. Type in index.php and click
   OK. Adjust the order by choosing Move Up or Move Down. This is similar
   to setting DirectoryIndex with Apache.

   The steps above must be repeated for each extension that is to be
   associated with PHP scripts. .php is the most common although .php3 may
   be required for legacy applications.

   If you experience 100% CPU usage after some time, turn off the IIS
   setting Cache ISAPI Application.
     __________________________________________________________________

Windows and IIS

See http://www.php.net/install.windows
     __________________________________________________________________

Apache 1.3.x on Microsoft Windows

   This section contains notes and hints specific to Apache 1.3.x installs
   of PHP on Microsoft Windows systems. There are also instructions and
   notes for Apache 2 on a separate page.

     Note: Please read the manual installation steps first!

   There are two ways to set up PHP to work with Apache 1.3.x on Windows.
   One is to use the CGI binary (php.exe for PHP 4 and php-cgi.exe for PHP
   5), the other is to use the Apache Module DLL. In either case you need
   to edit your httpd.conf to configure Apache to work with PHP, and then
   restart the server.

   It is worth noting here that now the SAPI module has been made more
   stable under Windows, we recommend it's use above the CGI binary, since
   it is more transparent and secure.

   Although there can be a few variations of configuring PHP under Apache,
   these are simple enough to be used by the newcomer. Please consult the
   Apache Documentation for further configuration directives.

   After changing the configuration file, remember to restart the server,
   for example, NET STOP APACHE followed by NET START APACHE, if you run
   Apache as a Windows Service, or use your regular shortcuts.

     Note: Remember that when adding path values in the Apache
     configuration files on Windows, all backslashes such as
     c:\directory\file.ext must be converted to forward slashes, as
     c:/directory/file.ext. A trailing slash may also be necessary for
     directories.
     __________________________________________________________________

Installing as an Apache module

   You should add the following lines to your Apache httpd.conf file:

   Example 2-3. PHP as an Apache 1.3.x module

   This assumes PHP is installed to c:\php. Adjust the path if this is not
   the case.

   For PHP 5:
# Add to the end of the LoadModule section
LoadModule php5_module "C:/php/php5apache.dll"

# Add to the end of the AddModule section
AddModule mod_php5.c

   For both:
# Add this line inside the <IfModule mod_mime.c> conditional brace
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php

# For syntax highlighted .phps files, also add
AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
     __________________________________________________________________

Installing as a CGI binary

   If you unzipped the PHP package to C:\php\ as described in the Manual
   Installation Steps section, you need to insert these lines to your
   Apache configuration file to set up the CGI binary:

   Example 2-4. PHP and Apache 1.3.x as CGI
ScriptAlias /php/ "c:/php/"
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php

# For PHP 4
Action application/x-httpd-php "/php/php.exe"

# For PHP 5
Action application/x-httpd-php "/php/php-cgi.exe"

# specify the directory where php.ini is
SetEnv PHPRC C:/php

   Note that the second line in the list above can be found in the actual
   versions of httpd.conf, but it is commented out. Remember also to
   substitute the c:/php/ for your actual path to PHP.

   Warning

   By using the CGI setup, your server is open to several possible
   attacks. Please read our CGI security section to learn how to defend
   yourself from those attacks.

   If you would like to present PHP source files syntax highlighted, there
   is no such convenient option as with the module version of PHP. If you
   chose to configure Apache to use PHP as a CGI binary, you will need to
   use the highlight_file() function. To do this simply create a PHP
   script file and add this code: <?php
   highlight_file('some_php_script.php'); ?>.
     __________________________________________________________________

Apache 2.0.x on Microsoft Windows

   This section contains notes and hints specific to Apache 2.0.x installs
   of PHP on Microsoft Windows systems. We also have instructions and
   notes for Apache 1.3.x users on a separate page.

     Note: You should read the manual installation steps first!

     Apache 2.2.x Support: Users of Apache 2.2.x may use the
     documentation below except the appropriate DLL file is named
     php5apache2_2.dll and it only exists as of PHP 5.2.0. See also
     http://snaps.php.net/

   Warning

   We do not recommend using a threaded MPM in production with Apache2.
   Use the prefork MPM instead, or use Apache1. For information on why,
   read the related FAQ entry on using Apache2 with a threaded MPM

   You are highly encouraged to take a look at the Apache Documentation to
   get a basic understanding of the Apache 2.0.x Server. Also consider to
   read the Windows specific notes for Apache 2.0.x before reading on
   here.

     PHP and Apache 2.0.x compatibility notes: The following versions of
     PHP are known to work with the most recent version of Apache 2.0.x:

     * PHP 4.3.0 or later available at http://www.php.net/downloads.php.
     * the latest stable development version. Get the source code
       http://snaps.php.net/php5-latest.tar.gz or download binaries for
       Windows http://snaps.php.net/win32/php5-win32-latest.zip.
     * a prerelease version downloadable from http://qa.php.net/.
     * you have always the option to obtain PHP through SVN.

     These versions of PHP are compatible to Apache 2.0.40 and later.

     Apache 2.0 SAPI-support started with PHP 4.2.0. PHP 4.2.3 works with
     Apache 2.0.39, don't use any other version of Apache with PHP 4.2.3.
     However, the recommended setup is to use PHP 4.3.0 or later with the
     most recent version of Apache2.

     All mentioned versions of PHP will work still with Apache 1.3.x.

   Warning

   Apache 2.0.x is designed to run on Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000 or
   Windows XP. At this time, support for Windows 9x is incomplete. Apache
   2.0.x is not expected to work on those platforms at this time.

   Download the most recent version of Apache 2.0.x and a fitting PHP
   version. Follow the Manual Installation Steps and come back to go on
   with the integration of PHP and Apache.

   There are two ways to set up PHP to work with Apache 2.0.x on Windows.
   One is to use the CGI binary the other is to use the Apache module DLL.
   In either case you need to edit your httpd.conf to configure Apache to
   work with PHP and then restart the server.

     Note: Remember that when adding path values in the Apache
     configuration files on Windows, all backslashes such as
     c:\directory\file.ext must be converted to forward slashes, as
     c:/directory/file.ext. A trailing slash may also be necessary for
     directories.
     __________________________________________________________________

Installing as a CGI binary

   You need to insert these three lines to your Apache httpd.conf
   configuration file to set up the CGI binary:

   Example 2-5. PHP and Apache 2.0 as CGI
ScriptAlias /php/ "c:/php/"
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php

# For PHP 4
Action application/x-httpd-php "/php/php.exe"

# For PHP 5
Action application/x-httpd-php "/php/php-cgi.exe"

   Warning

   By using the CGI setup, your server is open to several possible
   attacks. Please read our CGI security section to learn how to defend
   yourself from those attacks.
     __________________________________________________________________

Installing as an Apache module

   You need to insert these two lines to your Apache httpd.conf
   configuration file to set up the PHP module for Apache 2.0:

   Example 2-6. PHP and Apache 2.0 as Module

# For PHP 5 do something like this:
LoadModule php5_module "c:/php/php5apache2.dll"
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php

# configure the path to php.ini
PHPIniDir "C:/php"

     Note: Remember to substitute your actual path to PHP for the c:/php/
     in the above examples. Take care to use either 
     php5apache2.dll in your LoadModule directive and not php5apache.dll 
     as the latter ones are designed to run with Apache 1.3.x.

     Note: If you want to use content negotiation, read related FAQ.

   Warning

   Don't mix up your installation with DLL files from different PHP
   versions. You have the only choice to use the DLL's and extensions that
   ship with your downloaded PHP version.
     __________________________________________________________________

Sun, iPlanet and Netscape servers on Microsoft Windows

   This section contains notes and hints specific to Sun Java System Web
   Server, Sun ONE Web Server, iPlanet and Netscape server installs of PHP
   on Windows.

   From PHP 4.3.3 on you can use PHP scripts with the NSAPI module to
   generate custom directory listings and error pages. Additional
   functions for Apache compatibility are also available. For support in
   current web servers read the note about subrequests.
     __________________________________________________________________

CGI setup on Sun, iPlanet and Netscape servers

   To install PHP as a CGI handler, do the following:

     * Copy php5ts.dll to your systemroot (the directory where you
       installed Windows)
     * Make a file association from the command line. Type the following
       two lines:

assoc .php=PHPScript
ftype PHPScript=c:\php\php.exe %1 %*

     * In the Netscape Enterprise Administration Server create a dummy
       shellcgi directory and remove it just after (this step creates 5
       important lines in obj.conf and allow the web server to handle
       shellcgi scripts).
     * In the Netscape Enterprise Administration Server create a new mime
       type (Category: type, Content-Type: magnus-internal/shellcgi, File
       Suffix:php).
     * Do it for each web server instance you want PHP to run

   More details about setting up PHP as a CGI executable can be found
   here: http://benoit.noss.free.fr/php/install-php.html
     __________________________________________________________________

NSAPI setup on Sun, iPlanet and Netscape servers

   To install PHP with NSAPI, do the following:

     * Copy php5ts.dll to your systemroot (the directory where you
       installed Windows)
     * Make a file association from the command line. Type the following
       two lines:

assoc .php=PHPScript
ftype PHPScript=c:\php\php.exe %1 %*

     * In the Netscape Enterprise Administration Server create a new mime
       type (Category: type, Content-Type: magnus-internal/x-httpd-php,
       File Suffix: php).
     * Edit magnus.conf (for servers >= 6) or obj.conf (for servers < 6)
       and add the following: You should place the lines after mime types
       init.

Init fn="load-modules" funcs="php5_init,php5_execute,php5_auth_trans" shlib="c:/
php/sapi/php5nsapi.dll"
Init fn="php5_init" LateInit="yes" errorString="Failed to initialise PHP!" [php_
ini="c:/path/to/php.ini"]

       The php_ini parameter is optional but with it you
       can place your php.ini in your web server configuration directory.
     * Configure the default object in obj.conf (for virtual server
       classes [Sun Web Server 6.0+] in their vserver.obj.conf): In the
       <Object name="default"> section, place this line necessarily after
       all 'ObjectType' and before all 'AddLog' lines:

Service fn="php5_execute" type="magnus-internal/x-httpd-php" [inikey=value inike
y=value ...]

       As additional parameters you can add some special
       php.ini-values, for example you can set a
       docroot="/path/to/docroot" specific to the context php5_execute is
       called. For boolean ini-keys please use 0/1 as value, not
       "On","Off",... (this will not work correctly), e.g.
       zlib.output_compression=1 instead of zlib.output_compression="On"
     * This is only needed if you want to configure a directory that only
       consists of PHP scripts (same like a cgi-bin directory):

<Object name="x-httpd-php">
ObjectType fn="force-type" type="magnus-internal/x-httpd-php"
Service fn=php5_execute [inikey=value inikey=value ...]
</Object>

       After that you can configure a directory in the Administration
       server and assign it the style x-httpd-php. All files in it will
       get executed as PHP. This is nice to hide PHP usage by renaming
       files to .html.
     * Restart your web service and apply changes
     * Do it for each web server instance you want PHP to run

     Note: More details about setting up PHP as an NSAPI filter can be
     found here: http://benoit.noss.free.fr/php/install-php4.html

     Note: The stacksize that PHP uses depends on the configuration of
     the web server. If you get crashes with very large PHP scripts, it
     is recommended to raise it with the Admin Server (in the section
     "MAGNUS EDITOR").
     __________________________________________________________________

CGI environment and recommended modifications in php.ini

   Important when writing PHP scripts is the fact that Sun JSWS/Sun ONE
   WS/iPlanet/Netscape is a multithreaded web server. Because of that all
   requests are running in the same process space (the space of the web
   server itself) and this space has only one environment. If you want to
   get CGI variables like PATH_INFO, HTTP_HOST etc. it is not the correct
   way to try this in the old PHP 3.x way with getenv() or a similar way
   (register globals to environment, $_ENV). You would only get the
   environment of the running web server without any valid CGI variables!

     Note: Why are there (invalid) CGI variables in the environment?

     Answer: This is because you started the web server process from the
     admin server which runs the startup script of the web server, you
     wanted to start, as a CGI script (a CGI script inside of the admin
     server!). This is why the environment of the started web server has
     some CGI environment variables in it. You can test this by starting
     the web server not from the administration server. Use the command
     line as root user and start it manually - you will see there are no
     CGI-like environment variables.
     __________________________________________________________________

Special use for error pages or self-made directory listings (PHP >= 4.3.3)

   You can use PHP to generate the error pages for "404 Not Found" or
   similar. Add the following line to the object in obj.conf for every
   error page you want to overwrite:
Error fn="php5_execute" code=XXX script="/path/to/script.php" [inikey=value inik
ey=value...]

   where XXX is the HTTP error code. Please delete any other Error
   directives which could interfere with yours. If you want to place a
   page for all errors that could exist, leave the code parameter out.
   Your script can get the HTTP status code with $_SERVER['ERROR_TYPE'].

   Another possibility is to generate self-made directory listings. Just
   create a PHP script which displays a directory listing and replace the
   corresponding default Service line for type="magnus-internal/directory"
   in obj.conf with the following:
Service fn="php5_execute" type="magnus-internal/directory" script="/path/to/scri
pt.php" [inikey=value inikey=value...]

   For both error and directory listing pages the original URI and
   translated URI are in the variables $_SERVER['PATH_INFO'] and
   $_SERVER['PATH_TRANSLATED'].
     __________________________________________________________________

Note about nsapi_virtual() and subrequests (PHP >= 4.3.3)

   The NSAPI module now supports the nsapi_virtual() function (alias:
   virtual()) to make subrequests on the web server and insert the result
   in the web page. The problem is, that this function uses some
   undocumented features from the NSAPI library.

   Under Unix this is not a problem, because the module automatically
   looks for the needed functions and uses them if available. If not,
   nsapi_virtual() is disabled.

   Under Windows limitations in the DLL handling need the use of a
   automatic detection of the most recent ns-httpdXX.dll file. This is
   tested for servers till version 6.1. If a newer version of the Sun
   server is used, the detection fails and nsapi_virtual() is disabled.

   If this is the case, try the following: Add the following parameter to
   php5_init in magnus.conf/obj.conf:
   Init fn=php5_init ... server_lib="ns-httpdXX.dll"

   where XX is the correct DLL version number. To get it, look in the
   server-root for the correct DLL name. The DLL with the biggest filesize
   is the right one.

   You can check the status by using the phpinfo() function.

     Note: But be warned: Support for nsapi_virtual() is EXPERIMENTAL!!!
     __________________________________________________________________

OmniHTTPd Server

   This section contains notes and hints specific to OmniHTTPd on Windows.

     Note: You should read the manual installation steps first!

   Warning

   By using the CGI setup, your server is open to several possible
   attacks. Please read our CGI security section to learn how to defend
   yourself from those attacks.

   You need to complete the following steps to make PHP work with
   OmniHTTPd. This is a CGI executable setup. SAPI is supported by
   OmniHTTPd, but some tests have shown that it is not so stable to use
   PHP as an ISAPI module.

     Important for CGI users: Read the faq on cgi.force_redirect for
     important details. This directive needs to be set to 0.

    1. Install OmniHTTPd server.
    2. Right click on the blue OmniHTTPd icon in the system tray and
       select Properties
    3. Click on Web Server Global Settings
    4. On the 'External' tab, enter: virtual = .php | actual =
       c:\php\php.exe (use php-cgi.exe if installing PHP 5), and use the
       Add button.
    5. On the Mime tab, enter: virtual = wwwserver/stdcgi | actual = .php,
       and use the Add button.
    6. Click OK

   Repeat steps 2 - 6 for each extension you want to associate with PHP.

     __________________________________________________________________

Xitami on Microsoft Windows

   This section contains notes and hints specific to Xitami on Windows.

     Note: You should read the manual installation steps first!

   This list describes how to set up the PHP CGI binary to work with
   Xitami on Windows.

     Important for CGI users: Read the faq on cgi.force_redirect for
     important details. This directive needs to be set to 0. If you want
     to use $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] you have to enable the cgi.fix_pathinfo
     directive.

   Warning

   By using the CGI setup, your server is open to several possible
   attacks. Please read our CGI security section to learn how to defend
   yourself from those attacks.

     * Make sure the web server is running, and point your browser to
       xitamis admin console (usually http://127.0.0.1/admin), and click
       on Configuration.
     * Navigate to the Filters, and put the extension which PHP should
       parse (i.e. .php) into the field File extensions (.xxx).
     * In Filter command or script put the path and name of your PHP CGI
       executable i.e. C:\php\php-cgi.exe.
     * Press the 'Save' icon.
     * Restart the server to reflect changes.
     __________________________________________________________________

Installation of extensions on Windows

   After installing PHP and a web server on Windows, you will probably
   want to install some extensions for added functionality. You can choose
   which extensions you would like to load when PHP starts by modifying
   your php.ini. You can also load a module dynamically in your script
   using dl().

   The DLLs for PHP extensions are prefixed with php_.

   Many extensions are built into the Windows version of PHP. This means
   additional DLL files, and the extension directive, are not used to load
   these extensions. The Windows PHP Extensions table lists extensions
   that require, or used to require, additional PHP DLL files. Here's a
   list of built in extensions:

   In PHP 5 (updated PHP 5.0.4), the following changes exist. Built in:
   DOM, LibXML, Iconv, SimpleXML, SPL and SQLite. And the following are no
   longer built in: MySQL and Overload.

   The default location PHP searches for extensions is C:\php5 in PHP 5. 
   To change this setting to reflect your setup of PHP edit your php.ini
   file:

     * You will need to change the extension_dir setting to point to the
       directory where your extensions lives, or where you have placed
       your php_*.dll files. For example:

extension_dir = C:\php\extensions

     * Enable the extension(s) in php.ini you want to use by uncommenting
       the extension=php_*.dll lines in php.ini. This is done by deleting
       the leading ; from the extension you want to load.

   Example 2-8. Enable Bzip2 extension for PHP-Windows
// change the following line from ...
;extension=php_bz2.dll

// ... to
extension=php_bz2.dll

     * Some of the extensions need extra DLLs to work. Couple of them can
       be found in the distribution package, in in the main folder in PHP 5, 
       but some, for example Oracle (php_oci8.dll) require DLLs which are 
       not bundled with the distribution package.
     * Some of these DLLs are not bundled with the PHP distribution. See
       each extensions documentation page for details. Also, read the
       manual section titled Installation of PECL extensions for details
       on PECL. An increasingly large number of PHP extensions are found
       in PECL, and these extensions require a separate download.

     Note: If you are running a server module version of PHP remember to
     restart your web server to reflect your changes to php.ini.

   The following table describes some of the extensions available and
   required additional dlls.

   Table 2-1. PHP Extensions
   Extension Description Notes
   php_bz2.dll bzip2 compression functions None
   php_calendar.dll Calendar conversion functions
   php_cpdf.dll ClibPDF functions None
   php_crack.dll Crack functions None
   php_ctype.dll ctype family functions
   php_curl.dll CURL, Client URL library functions Requires: libeay32.dll,
   ssleay32.dll (bundled)
   php_db.dll DBM functions Deprecated. Use DBA instead (php_dba.dll)
   php_dba.dll DBA: DataBase (dbm-style) Abstraction layer functions None
   php_dbase.dll dBase functions None
   php_dbx.dll dbx functions
   php_exif.dll EXIF functions php_mbstring.dll. And, php_exif.dll must be
   loaded after php_mbstring.dll in php.ini.
   php_fdf.dll FDF: Forms Data Format functions. Requires: fdftk.dll
   (bundled)
   php_filepro.dll filePro functions Read-only access
   php_ftp.dll FTP functions
   php_gd2.dll GD library image functions GD2
   php_gettext.dll Gettext functions, requires libintl-1.dll, 
   iconv.dll (bundled).
   php_iconv.dll ICONV characterset conversion Requires: iconv.dll
   php_imap.dll IMAP POP3 and NNTP functions None
   php_interbase.dll InterBase functions Requires: gds32.dll (bundled)
   php_ldap.dll LDAP functions requires libeay32.dll, ssleay32.dll (bundled)
   php_mbstring.dll Multi-Byte String functions None
   php_mcrypt.dll Mcrypt Encryption functions Requires: libmcrypt.dll
   php_mime_magic.dll Mimetype functions Requires: magic.mime (bundled)
   php_ming.dll Ming functions for Flash None
   php_msql.dll mSQL functions Requires: msql.dll (bundled)
   php_mssql.dll MSSQL functions Requires: ntwdblib.dll (bundled)
   php_mysql.dll MySQL functions PHP >= 5.0.0, requires libmysql.dll
   (bundled)
   php_mysqli.dll MySQLi functions PHP >= 5.0.0, requires libmysql.dll
   (libmysqli.dll in PHP <= 5.0.2) (bundled)
   php_oci8.dll Oracle 8 functions Requires: Oracle 8.1+ client libraries
   php_openssl.dll OpenSSL functions Requires: libeay32.dll (bundled)
   php_oracle.dll Oracle functions Requires: Oracle 7 client libraries
   php_pgsql.dll PostgreSQL functions None
   php_printer.dll Printer functions None
   php_shmop.dll Shared Memory functions None
   php_snmp.dll SNMP get and walk functions NT only!
   php_soap.dll SOAP functions PHP >= 5.0.0
   php_sockets.dll Socket functions None
   php_sybase_ct.dll Sybase functions Requires: Sybase client libraries
   php_tidy.dll Tidy functions PHP >= 5.0.0
   php_tokenizer.dll Tokenizer functions Built in since PHP 4.3.0
   php_xmlrpc.dll XML-RPC functions PHP >= 4.2.1 requires: iconv.dll
   (bundled)
   php_xslt.dll XSLT requires libxslt.dll, iconv.dll (bundled).
   php_zip.dll Zip File functions
   php_zlib.dll ZLib compression functions
     __________________________________________________________________

Chapter 3. Installation of PECL extensions

Introduction to PECL Installations

   PECL is a repository of PHP extensions that are made available to you
   via the PEAR packaging system. This section of the manual is intended
   to demonstrate how to obtain and install PECL extensions.

   These instructions assume /your/phpsrcdir/ is the path to the PHP
   source distribution, and that extname is the name of the PECL
   extension. Adjust accordingly. These instructions also assume a
   familiarity with the pear command. The information in the PEAR manual
   for the pear command also applies to the pecl command.

   To be useful, a shared extension must be built, installed, and loaded.
   The methods described below provide you with various instructions on
   how to build and install the extensions, but they do not automatically
   load them. Extensions can be loaded by adding an extension directive.
   To this php.ini file, or through the use of the dl() function.

   When building PHP modules, it's important to have known-good versions
   of the required tools (autoconf, automake, libtool, etc.) See the
   SVN Instructions for details on the required tools, and required 
   versions.
     __________________________________________________________________

Downloading PECL extensions

   There are several options for downloading PECL extensions, such as:

     * http://pecl.php.net
       The PECL web site contains information about the different
       extensions that are offered by the PHP Development Team. The
       information available here includes: ChangeLog, release notes,
       requirements and other similar details.
     * pecl download extname
       PECL extensions that have releases listed on the PECL web site are
       available for download and installation using the pecl command.
       Specific revisions may also be specified.
     * SVN 
       Most PECL extensions also reside in SVN. A web-based view may be
       seen at http://svn.php.net/pecl/. To download straight from SVN,
       the following sequence of commands may be used. 

$ svn  co http://svn.php.net/repository/pecl/<extname>/trunk

     * Windows downloads
       Windows users may find compiled PECL binaries by downloading the
       Collection of PECL modules from the PHP Downloads page, or by
       retrieving a PECL Snapshot or an extension DLL on PECL4WIN. To
       compile PHP under Windows, read the appropriate chapter.
     __________________________________________________________________

PECL for Windows users

   As with any other PHP extension DLL, installation is as simple as
   copying the PECL extension DLLs into the extension_dir folder and
   loading them from php.ini. For example, add the following line to your
   php.ini:

   extension=php_extname.dll

   After doing this, restart the web server.
     __________________________________________________________________

Compiling shared PECL extensions with the pecl command

   PECL makes it easy to create shared PHP extensions. Using the pecl
   command, do the following:

   $ pecl install extname

   This will download the source for extname, compile, and install
   extname.so into your extension_dir. extname.so may then be loaded via
   php.ini

   By default, the pecl command will not install packages that are marked
   with the alpha or beta state. If no stable packages are available, you
   may install a beta package using the following command:

   $ pecl install extname-beta

   You may also install a specific version using this variant:

   $ pecl install extname-0.1
     __________________________________________________________________

Compiling shared PECL extensions with phpize

   Sometimes, using the pecl installer is not an option. This could be
   because you're behind a firewall, or it could be because the extension
   you want to install is not available as a PECL compatible package, such
   as unreleased extensions from SVN. If you need to build such an
   extension, you can use the lower-level build tools to perform the build
   manually.

   The phpize command is used to prepare the build environment for a PHP
   extension. In the following sample, the sources for an extension are in
   a directory named extname:

$ cd extname
$ phpize
$ ./configure
$ make
# make install

   A successful install will have created extname.so and put it into the
   PHP extensions directory. You'll need to and adjust php.ini and add an
   extension=extname.so line before you can use the extension.

   If the system is missing the phpize command, and precompiled packages
   (like RPM's) are used, be sure to also install the appropriate devel
   version of the PHP package as they often include the phpize command
   along with the appropriate header files to build PHP and its
   extensions.

   Execute phpize --help to display additional usage information.
     __________________________________________________________________

Compiling PECL extensions statically into PHP

   You might find that you need to build a PECL extension statically into
   your PHP binary. To do this, you'll need to place the extension source
   under the php-src/ext/ directory and tell the PHP build system to
   regenerate its configure script.

$ cd /your/phpsrcdir/ext
$ pecl download extname
$ gzip -d < extname.tgz | tar -xvf -
$ mv extname-x.x.x extname

   This will result in the following directory:

   /your/phpsrcdir/ext/extname

   From here, force PHP to rebuild the configure script, and then build
   PHP as normal:

$ cd /your/phpsrcdir
$ rm configure
$ ./buildconf --force
$ ./configure --help
$ ./configure --with-extname --enable-someotherext --with-foobar
$ make
$ make install

     Note: To run the 'buildconf' script you need autoconf 2.13 and
     automake 1.4+ (newer versions of autoconf may work, but are not
     supported).

   Whether --enable-extname or --with-extname is used depends on the
   extension. Typically an extension that does not require external
   libraries uses --enable. To be sure, run the following after buildconf:

   $ ./configure --help | grep extname
     __________________________________________________________________

Chapter 4. Problems?

Read the FAQ

   Some problems are more common than others. The most common ones are
   listed in the PHP FAQ, part of this manual.
     __________________________________________________________________

Other problems

   If you are still stuck, someone on the PHP installation mailing list
   may be able to help you. You should check out the archive first, in
   case someone already answered someone else who had the same problem as
   you. The archives are available from the support page on
   http://www.php.net/support.php. To subscribe to the PHP installation
   mailing list, send an empty mail to
   php-install-subscribe@lists.php.net. The mailing list address is
   php-install@lists.php.net.

   If you want to get help on the mailing list, please try to be precise
   and give the necessary details about your environment (which operating
   system, what PHP version, what web server, if you are running PHP as
   CGI or a server module, safe mode, etc...), and preferably enough code
   to make others able to reproduce and test your problem.
     __________________________________________________________________

Bug reports

   If you think you have found a bug in PHP, please report it. The PHP
   developers probably don't know about it, and unless you report it,
   chances are it won't be fixed. You can report bugs using the
   bug-tracking system at http://bugs.php.net/. Please do not send bug
   reports in mailing list or personal letters. The bug system is also
   suitable to submit feature requests.

   Read the How to report a bug document before submitting any bug
   reports!
     __________________________________________________________________

Chapter 5. Runtime Configuration

The configuration file

   The configuration file (called php3.ini in PHP 3, and simply php.ini as
   of PHP 4) is read when PHP starts up. For the server module versions of
   PHP, this happens only once when the web server is started. For the CGI
   and CLI version, it happens on every invocation.

   php.ini is searched in these locations (in order):

     * SAPI module specific location (PHPIniDir directive in Apache 2, -c
       command line option in CGI and CLI, php_ini parameter in NSAPI,
       PHP_INI_PATH environment variable in THTTPD)
     * The PHPRC environment variable. Before PHP 5.2.0 this was checked
       after the registry key mentioned below.
     * As of PHP 5.2.0, the following registry locations are searched in
       order: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\PHP\x.y.z\IniFilePath,
       HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\PHP\x.y\IniFilePath and
       HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\PHP\x\IniFilePath, where x, y and z
       mean the PHP major, minor and release versions.
     * HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\PHP\IniFilePath (Windows Registry
       location)
     * Current working directory (except CLI)
     * The web server's directory (for SAPI modules), or directory of PHP
       (otherwise in Windows)
     * Windows directory (C:\windows or C:\winnt) (for Windows), or
       --with-config-file-path compile time option

   If php-SAPI.ini exists (where SAPI is used SAPI, so the filename is
   e.g. php-cli.ini or php-apache.ini), it's used instead of php.ini. SAPI
   name can be determined by php_sapi_name().

     Note: The Apache web server changes the directory to root at startup
     causing PHP to attempt to read php.ini from the root filesystem if
     it exists.

   The php.ini directives handled by extensions are documented
   respectively on the pages of the extensions themselves. The list of the
   core directives is available in the appendix. Probably not all PHP
   directives are documented in the manual though. For a complete list of
   directives available in your PHP version, please read your well
   commented php.ini file. Alternatively, you may find the latest
   php.ini from SVN helpful too.

   Example 5-1. php.ini example
; any text on a line after an unquoted semicolon (;) is ignored
[php] ; section markers (text within square brackets) are also ignored
; Boolean values can be set to either:
;    true, on, yes
; or false, off, no, none
html_errors = off
track_errors = yes

; you can enclose strings in double-quotes
include_path = ".:/usr/local/lib/php"

; backslashes are treated the same as any other character
include_path = ".;c:\php\lib"

   Since PHP 5.1.0, it is possible to refer to existing .ini variables
   from within .ini files. Example: open_basedir = ${open_basedir}
   ":/new/dir".
     __________________________________________________________________

How to change configuration settings

Running PHP as an Apache module

   When using PHP as an Apache module, you can also change the
   configuration settings using directives in Apache configuration files
   (e.g. httpd.conf) and .htaccess files. You will need "AllowOverride
   Options" or "AllowOverride All" privileges to do so.

   With PHP 4 and PHP 5, there are several Apache directives that allow
   you to change the PHP configuration from within the Apache
   configuration files. For a listing of which directives are PHP_INI_ALL,
   PHP_INI_PERDIR, or PHP_INI_SYSTEM, have a look at the List of php.ini
   directives appendix.

     Note: With PHP 3, there are Apache directives that correspond to
     each configuration setting in the php3.ini name, except the name is
     prefixed by "php3_".

   php_value name value
          Sets the value of the specified directive. Can be used only with
          PHP_INI_ALL and PHP_INI_PERDIR type directives. To clear a
          previously set value use none as the value.

     Note: Don't use php_value to set boolean values. php_flag (see
     below) should be used instead.

   php_flag name on|off
          Used to set a boolean configuration directive. Can be used only
          with PHP_INI_ALL and PHP_INI_PERDIR type directives.

   php_admin_value name value
          Sets the value of the specified directive. This can not be used
          in .htaccess files. Any directive type set with php_admin_value
          can not be overridden by .htaccess or virtualhost directives. To
          clear a previously set value use none as the value.

   php_admin_flag name on|off
          Used to set a boolean configuration directive. This can not be
          used in .htaccess files. Any directive type set with
          php_admin_flag can not be overridden by .htaccess or virtualhost
          directives.

   Example 5-2. Apache configuration example
<IfModule mod_php5.c>
  php_value include_path ".:/usr/local/lib/php"
  php_admin_flag engine on
</IfModule>

   Caution

   PHP constants do not exist outside of PHP. For example, in httpd.conf
   you can not use PHP constants such as E_ALL or E_NOTICE to set the
   error_reporting directive as they will have no meaning and will
   evaluate to 0. Use the associated bitmask values instead. These
   constants can be used in php.ini
     __________________________________________________________________

Changing PHP configuration via the Windows registry

   When running PHP on Windows, the configuration values can be modified
   on a per-directory basis using the Windows registry. The configuration
   values are stored in the registry key HKLM\SOFTWARE\PHP\Per Directory
   Values, in the sub-keys corresponding to the path names. For example,
   configuration values for the directory c:\inetpub\wwwroot would be
   stored in the key HKLM\SOFTWARE\PHP\Per Directory
   Values\c\inetpub\wwwroot. The settings for the directory would be
   active for any script running from this directory or any subdirectory
   of it. The values under the key should have the name of the PHP
   configuration directive and the string value. PHP constants in the
   values are not parsed. However, only configuration values changeable in
   PHP_INI_USER can be set this way, PHP_INI_PERDIR values can not.
     __________________________________________________________________

Other interfaces to PHP

   Regardless of how you run PHP, you can change certain values at runtime
   of your scripts through ini_set(). See the documentation on the
   ini_set() page for more information.

   If you are interested in a complete list of configuration settings on
   your system with their current values, you can execute the phpinfo()
   function, and review the resulting page. You can also access the values
   of individual configuration directives at runtime using ini_get() or
   get_cfg_var().
     __________________________________________________________________

Chapter 6. Installation FAQ

   This section holds common questions about the way to install PHP. PHP
   is available for almost any OS (except maybe for MacOS before OSX), and
   almost any web server.

   To install PHP, follow the instructions in Installing PHP.

   1. Why shouldn't I use Apache2 with a threaded MPM in a production
          environment?

   2. Unix/Windows: Where should my php.ini file be located?
   3. Unix: I installed PHP, but every time I load a document, I get the
          message 'Document Contains No Data'! What's going on here?

   4. Unix: I installed PHP using RPMS, but Apache isn't processing the
          PHP pages! What's going on here?

   5. Unix: I installed PHP 3 using RPMS, but it doesn't compile with the
          database support I need! What's going on here?

   6. Unix: I patched Apache with the FrontPage extensions patch, and
          suddenly PHP stopped working. Is PHP incompatible with the
          Apache FrontPage extensions?

   7. Unix/Windows: I have installed PHP, but when I try to access a PHP
          script file via my browser, I get a blank screen.

   8. Unix/Windows: I have installed PHP, but when try to access a PHP
          script file via my browser, I get a server 500 error.

   9. Some operating systems: I have installed PHP without errors, but
          when I try to start apache I get undefined symbol errors:

[mybox:user /src/php5] root# apachectl configtest
 apachectl: /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd Undefined symbols:
  _compress
  _uncompress

   10. Windows: I have installed PHP, but when I to access a PHP script
          file via my browser, I get the error:

cgi error:
 The specified CGI application misbehaved by not
 returning a complete set of HTTP headers.
 The headers it did return are:

   11. Windows: I've followed all the instructions, but still can't get
          PHP and IIS to work together!

   12. When running PHP as CGI with IIS, OmniHTTPD or Xitami, I get
          the following error: Security Alert! PHP CGI cannot be accessed
          directly..

   13. How do I know if my php.ini is being found and read? It seems like
          it isn't as my changes aren't being implemented.

   14. How do I add my PHP directory to the PATH on Windows?
   15. How do I make the php.ini file available to PHP on windows?
   16. Is it possible to use Apache content negotiation (MultiViews
          option) with PHP?

   17. Is PHP limited to process GET and POST request methods only?

   1. Why shouldn't I use Apache2 with a threaded MPM in a production
   environment?

   PHP is glue. It is the glue used to build cool web applications by
   sticking dozens of 3rd-party libraries together and making it all
   appear as one coherent entity through an intuitive and easy to learn
   language interface. The flexibility and power of PHP relies on the
   stability and robustness of the underlying platform. It needs a working
   OS, a working web server and working 3rd-party libraries to glue
   together. When any of these stop working PHP needs ways to identify the
   problems and fix them quickly. When you make the underlying framework
   more complex by not having completely separate execution threads,
   completely separate memory segments and a strong sandbox for each
   request to play in, feet of clay are introduced into PHP's system.

   If you feel you have to use a threaded MPM, look at a FastCGI
   configuration where PHP is running in its own memory space.

   And finally, this warning against using a threaded MPM is not as strong
   for Windows systems because most libraries on that platform tend to be
   threadsafe.

   2. Unix/Windows: Where should my php.ini file be located?

   By default on Unix it should be in /usr/local/lib which is
   <install-path>/lib. Most people will want to change this at
   compile-time with the --with-config-file-path flag. You would, for
   example, set it with something like:
   --with-config-file-path=/etc

   And then you would copy php.ini-production from the distribution to
   /etc/php.ini and edit it to make any local changes you want.
   --with-config-file-scan-dir=PATH

   On Windows the default path for the php.ini file is the Windows
   directory. If you're using the Apache webserver, php.ini is first
   searched in the Apaches install directory, e.g. c:\program files\apache
   group\apache. This way you can have different php.ini files for
   different versions of Apache on the same machine.

   See also the chapter about the configuration file.

   3. Unix: I installed PHP, but every time I load a document, I get the
   message 'Document Contains No Data'! What's going on here?

   This probably means that PHP is having some sort of problem and is
   core-dumping. Look in your server error log to see if this is the case,
   and then try to reproduce the problem with a small test case. If you
   know how to use 'gdb', it is very helpful when you can provide a
   backtrace with your bug report to help the developers pinpoint the
   problem. If you are using PHP as an Apache module try something like:

     * Stop your httpd processes
     * gdb httpd
     * Stop your httpd processes
     * > run -X -f /path/to/httpd.conf
     * Then fetch the URL causing the problem with your browser
     * > run -X -f /path/to/httpd.conf
     * If you are getting a core dump, gdb should inform you of this now
     * type: bt
     * You should include your backtrace in your bug report. This should
       be submitted to http://bugs.php.net/

   If your script uses the regular expression functions (ereg() and
   friends), you should make sure that you compiled PHP and Apache with
   the same regular expression package. This should happen automatically
   with PHP and Apache 1.3.x

   4. Unix: I installed PHP using RPMS, but Apache isn't processing the
   PHP pages! What's going on here?

   Assuming you installed both Apache and PHP from RPM packages, you need
   to uncomment or add some or all of the following lines in your
   httpd.conf file:
# Extra Modules
AddModule mod_php.c
AddModule mod_php3.c
AddModule mod_perl.c

# Extra Modules
LoadModule php_module         modules/mod_php.so
LoadModule perl_module        modules/libperl.so

   And add:
AddType application/x-httpd-php3 .php3    # for PHP 3
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php      # for PHP 4

   ... to the global properties, or to the properties of the VirtualDomain
   you want to have PHP support added to.

   5. Unix: I installed PHP 3 using RPMS, but it doesn't compile with the
   database support I need! What's going on here?

   Due to the way PHP 3 built, it is not easy to build a complete flexible
   PHP RPM. This issue is addressed in PHP 4. For PHP 3, we currently
   suggest you use the mechanism described in the INSTALL.REDHAT file in
   the PHP distribution. If you insist on using an RPM version of PHP 3,
   read on...

   The RPM packagers are setting up the RPMS to install without database
   support to simplify installations and because RPMS use /usr/ instead of
   the standard /usr/local/ directory for files. You need to tell the RPM
   spec file which databases to support and the location of the top-level
   of your database server.

   This example will explain the process of adding support for the popular
   MySQL database server, using the mod installation for Apache.

   Of course all of this information can be adjusted for any database
   server that PHP supports. We will assume you installed MySQL and Apache
   completely with RPMS for this example as well.

     * First remove mod_php3 :

rpm -e mod_php3

     * Then get the source rpm and INSTALL it, NOT --rebuild

rpm -Uvh mod_php3-3.0.5-2.src.rpm

     * Then edit the /usr/src/redhat/SPECS/mod_php3.spec file
       In the %build section add the database support you want, and the
       path.
       For MySQL you would add --with-mysql=/usr The %build section will
       look something like this:

./configure --prefix=/usr \
--with-apxs=/usr/sbin/apxs \
--with-config-file-path=/usr/lib \
--enable-debug=no \
--enable-safe-mode \
--with-exec-dir=/usr/bin \
--with-mysql=/usr \
--with-system-regex

     * Once this modification is made then build the binary rpm as
       follows:

rpm -bb /usr/src/redhat/SPECS/mod_php3.spec

     * Then install the rpm

rpm -ivh /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/i386/mod_php3-3.0.5-2.i386.rpm

   Make sure you restart Apache, and you now have PHP 3 with MySQL support
   using RPM's. Note that it is probably much easier to just build from
   the distribution tarball of PHP 3 and follow the instructions in
   INSTALL.REDHAT found in that distribution.

   6. Unix: I patched Apache with the FrontPage extensions patch, and
   suddenly PHP stopped working. Is PHP incompatible with the Apache
   FrontPage extensions?

   No, PHP works fine with the FrontPage extensions. The problem is that
   the FrontPage patch modifies several Apache structures, that PHP relies
   on. Recompiling PHP (using 'make clean ; make') after the FP patch is
   applied would solve the problem.

   7. Unix/Windows: I have installed PHP, but when I try to access a PHP
   script file via my browser, I get a blank screen.

   Do a 'view source' in the web browser and you will probably find that
   you can see the source code of your PHP script. This means that the web
   server did not send the script to PHP for interpretation. Something is
   wrong with the server configuration - double check the server
   configuration against the PHP installation instructions.

   8. Unix/Windows: I have installed PHP, but when try to access a PHP
   script file via my browser, I get a server 500 error.

   Something went wrong when the server tried to run PHP. To get to see a
   sensible error message, from the command line, change to the directory
   containing the PHP executable (php.exe on Windows) and run php -i. If
   PHP has any problems running, then a suitable error message will be
   displayed which will give you a clue as to what needs to be done next.
   If you get a screen full of HTML codes (the output of the phpinfo()
   function) then PHP is working, and your problem may be related to your
   server configuration which you should double check.

   9. Some operating systems: I have installed PHP without errors, but
   when I try to start apache I get undefined symbol errors:
[mybox:user /src/php5] root# apachectl configtest
 apachectl: /usr/local/apache/bin/httpd Undefined symbols:
  _compress
  _uncompress

   This has actually nothing to do with PHP, but with the MySQL client
   libraries. Some need --with-zlib, others do not. This is also covered
   in the MySQL FAQ.

   10. Windows: I have installed PHP, but when I to access a PHP script
   file via my browser, I get the error:
cgi error:
 The specified CGI application misbehaved by not
 returning a complete set of HTTP headers.
 The headers it did return are:

   This error message means that PHP failed to output anything at all. To
   get to see a sensible error message, from the command line, change to
   the directory containing the PHP executable (php.exe on Windows) and
   run php -i. If PHP has any problems running, then a suitable error
   message will be displayed which will give you a clue as to what needs
   to be done next. If you get a screen full of HTML codes (the output of
   the phpinfo() function) then PHP is working.

   Once PHP is working at the command line, try accessing the script via
   the browser again. If it still fails then it could be one of the
   following:

     * File permissions on your PHP script, php.exe, php5ts.dll, php.ini
       or any PHP extensions you are trying to load are such that the
       anonymous internet user ISUR_<machinename> cannot access them.
     * The script file does not exist (or possibly isn't where you think
       it is relative to your web root directory). Note that for IIS you
       can trap this error by ticking the 'check file exists' box when
       setting up the script mappings in the Internet Services Manager. If
       a script file does not exist then the server will return a 404
       error instead. There is also the additional benefit that IIS will
       do any authentication required for you based on the NTLanMan
       permissions on your script file.

   11. Windows: I've followed all the instructions, but still can't get
   PHP and IIS to work together!

   Make sure any user who needs to run a PHP script has the rights to run
   php.exe! IIS uses an anonymous user which is added at the time IIS is
   installed. This user needs rights to php.exe. Also, any authenticated
   user will also need rights to execute php.exe. And for IIS4 you need to
   tell it that PHP is a script engine. Also, you will want to read this
   faq.

   12. When running PHP as CGI with IIS, OmniHTTPD or Xitami, I get
   the following error: Security Alert! PHP CGI cannot be accessed
   directly..

   You must set the cgi.force_redirect directive to 0. It defaults to 1 so
   be sure the directive isn't commented out (with a ;). Like all
   directives, this is set in php.ini

   Because the default is 1, it's critical that you're 100% sure that the
   correct php.ini file is being read. Read this faq for details.

   13. How do I know if my php.ini is being found and read? It seems like
   it isn't as my changes aren't being implemented.

   To be sure your php.ini is being read by PHP, make a call to phpinfo()
   and near the top will be a listing called Configuration File (php.ini).
   This will tell you where PHP is looking for php.ini and whether or not
   it's being read. If just a directory PATH exists than it's not being
   read and you should put your php.ini in that directory. If php.ini is
   included within the PATH than it is being read.

   If php.ini is being read and you're running PHP as a module, then be
   sure to restart your web server after making changes to php.ini

   14. How do I add my PHP directory to the PATH on Windows?

   On Windows NT, 2000, XP and 2003:

     * Go to Control Panel and open the System icon (Start -> Settings ->
       Control Panel -> System, or just Start -> Control Panel -> System
       for Windows XP/2003)
     * Go to the Advanced tab
     * Click on the 'Environment Variables' button
     * Look into the 'System Variables' pane
     * Find the Path entry (you may need to scroll to find it)
     * Double click on the Path entry
     * Enter your PHP directory at the end, including ';' before (e.g.
       ;C:\php)
     * Press OK and restart your computer

   On Windows 98/Me you need to edit the autoexec.bat file:

     * Open the Notepad (Start -> Run and enter notepad)
     * Open the C:\autoexec.bat file
     * Locate the line with PATH=C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\COMMAND;..... and
       add: ;C:\php to the end of the line
     * Save the file and restart your computer

     Note: Be sure to reboot after following the steps above to ensure
     that the PATH changes are applied.

   The PHP manual used to promote the copying of files into the Windows
   system directory, this is because this directory (C:\Windows, C:\WINNT,
   etc.) is by default in the systems PATH. Copying files into the Windows
   system directory has long since been deprecated and may cause problems.

   15. How do I make the php.ini file available to PHP on windows?

   There are several ways of doing this. If you are using Apache, read
   their installation specific instructions (Apache 1, Apache 2),
   otherwise you must set the PHPRC environment variable:

   On Windows NT, 2000, XP and 2003:

     * Go to Control Panel and open the System icon (Start -> Settings ->
       Control Panel -> System, or just Start -> Control Panel -> System
       for Windows XP/2003)
     * Go to the Advanced tab
     * Click on the 'Environment Variables' button
     * Look into the 'System variables' pane
     * Click on 'New' and enter 'PHPRC' as the variable name and the
       directory where php.ini is located as the variable value (e.g.
       C:\php)
     * Press OK and restart your computer

   On Windows 98/Me you need to edit the autoexec.bat file:

     * Open the Notepad (Start -> Run and enter notepad)
     * Open the C:\autoexec.bat file
     * Add a new line to the end of the file: set PHPRC=C:\php (replace
       C:\php with the directory where php.ini is located). Please note
       that the path cannot contain spaces. For instance, if you have
       installed PHP in C:\Program Files\PHP, you would enter
       C:\PROGRA~1\PHP instead.
     * Save the file and restart your computer

   16. Is it possible to use Apache content negotiation (MultiViews
   option) with PHP?

   If links to PHP files include extension, everything works perfect. This
   FAQ is only for the case when links to PHP files don't include
   extension and you want to use content negotiation to choose PHP files
   from URL with no extension. In this case, replace the line AddType
   application/x-httpd-php .php with:
# PHP 4
AddHandler php-script php
AddType text/html php

# PHP 5
AddHandler php5-script php
AddType text/html php

   This solution doesn't work for Apache 1 as PHP module doesn't catch
   php-script.

   17. Is PHP limited to process GET and POST request methods only?

   No, it is possible to handle any request method, e.g. CONNECT. Proper
   response status can be sent with header(). If only GET and POST methods
   should be handled, it can be achieved with this Apache configuration:
<LimitExcept GET POST>
Deny from all
</LimitExcept>